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Published August 28, 2013 at 1750 × 1240 in Stages of Figure and Ground

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  • a resource for students of art & graphic design
  • About Us
    • Art/Design Shows and Contests
      • 50 Books 50 Covers
      • AAUW Art Show
      • AIGA FLUX Annual Student Design Competition
      • Art Expo
      • CA Competitions
      • Calliope Submissions
      • How Magazine Design Contests
      • Online Video Contests
    • Critique
      • Seeing Critically
    • Department of Art, Media, Performance and Graphic Design (AMPD)
      • Academic Forms
    • Department Videos
    • Grading
    • Graphic Design Program
    • Graphic Design RoundTable
    • Registering For A Class
    • Reynolds Gallery Sound System
    • Scholarships
    • Sketchbook
    • Studios and Facilities
    • Videos: Students and the Department
  • Courses
    • AMPD Department, Art and Graphic Design Courses
    • ARTH 101 Design Thinking
      • Design Thinking
        • Research Questions
      • Design Thinking Assignments
        • 1. Incunabula & Gutenberg Group Presentation
        • 2. Industrial Revolution/Victorian Era Paper
          • Captains of Industry
          • Victorian Style
        • 3. Arts and Crafts Movement
          • Small Press Movement
        • 4. Frank Lloyd Wright
          • FLW Early Success
        • 5. FINAL: Hire a Design Thinker
        • Avant Garde
          • Avant-garde Art Movements
        • Charles and Ray Eames
        • Design Thinking for Strategic Innovation
        • Raymond Loewy
      • Design Thinking Research Process
        • Design Thinking Presentation Guidelines
        • Design Thinking Research Paper Guidelines
          • Raymond Loewy Paper
      • Design Timelines
      • Experience Design
      • Keywords Design Thinking
      • Zeitgeist
    • ARTS 000 Foundations
    • ARTS 007 2D Design & Color
      • Chairs
    • ARTS 037 Sculpture
      • ARTS 037 Assignments
        • Archived Assignments, ARTS 037
          • Altered Musical Instruments
          • Earthworks
          • Nevelson Box
        • Clay Modeling
        • Comparison Paper I
        • Comparison Paper II
        • Plastic Wrap People
        • Totems
        • Wood Carving
      • ARTS 037 Sculpture Assignment Calendar
      • ARTS 037 Sculpture Syllabus
      • Safety Tests
        • Soldering
      • Sculpture Resources
      • Sketching for Sculpture
      • The Sculptural Idea
        • Site Specific Artworks
    • ARTS 073 Freshman Seminar
      • Assignments ARTS 073
        • 1. ARTS 73 Documentary Portfolio Website Assignment
          • Class Portfolio Site Addresses 2011
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          • Upload Add and Edit Images
          • Website Requirements Checklist
          • WIX Portfolio Setup and Tips
          • WordPress Portfolio Setup
            • Adding Video
            • Customize your Portfolio Website
            • RSS Feed
        • 2. What is Art? What is Design? What is Craft?
        • 3. What is the Relationship Between Creativity and Knowledge?
          • Bent Flyvbjerg
          • Creativity—Steinbeck
          • Education
          • Linnaeaus
          • Shaping Pacific
          • Why Man Creates
        • 4. Autobiography
        • 5. Artist Logo
          • Disney and Logos
        • 6. Business Card
        • 7. Résumé
          • Artist Bio, Statement and Objective
        • 8. Artist Influence
        • ARTS 073 Sketch Book Assignments
      • Freshman Seminar Syllabus
      • mid-semester requirements
      • Website Examples—by year
        • Trouble Shooting WordPress
    • ARTS 075 Intro to Graphic Design
      • Assignments—ARTS 075
        • Graphic Translation
          • Line Interval Systems
        • Seduce the Eye
        • Translation
        • Translation Logo
      • Graphic Design I syllabus
    • ARTS 077 Graphic Design: Perception
      • assignments ARTS 77
        • App Prototype Design
        • ASSIGNMENT 1: Illusion Poster
          • History of Posters
            • Psychedelic Posters
          • Isomorphic Correspondence
        • Assignment 2: Grid Compositions
          • Systems Design
        • Assignment 3: Social Media
        • Assignment 4: Visual Identity/Brand
          • Brand Strategy
          • Branding
          • Business Cards/Logos
          • Interview Questions
          • Logo Design
            • Celtic Knot
            • Whalers Logo Development
          • Logo Development Charts
          • Market Analysis, what is it?
          • Mission Statement
          • Simiotics—the meaning of signs
          • Symbols
            • Fasces
          • Visual Identity
        • Assignment 5: Wayfinding
        • Cards (New Suits)
          • Box
          • Grouping and Hierarchy
        • Figure/Ground Transformation
        • Grid Compositions: Zoom
        • Symbol Set
        • XULf Design Show
      • Gestalt Theory
        • Figure And Ground examples
          • Tessellations
        • Stages of Figure and Ground
      • Graphic Design Perception Syllabus
      • Visual Illusions
    • ARTS 079 Intro. Typography
      • Assignments ARTS 079
        • InDesign Layout
      • Type History
      • Type I notes
      • Typography I syllabus
    • ARTS 081 Adv. Typography
      • Advanced Typography Syllabus
      • Alternative/Special Characters
      • ARTS 081 Advanced Typography, assignment calendar
      • assignments ARTS 081
        • 1. What Do We Know About Type?
          • How to pick the Right Typeface
            • 4. Choosing Typefaces 1
          • Kern This
        • 2. My Favorite Typeface
        • 3. Choosing Typefaces
          • Some Good Typefaces
          • Typeface of Truth
        • 4. Asymmetric Layout
          • Text, What is it?
        • 5. Dialog or Dialogue
          • Fluid Typography
          • Living Surfaces
        • 6. Animated Type
          • The Xspace
        • 7. Letterpress
          • 7A. Foundry Type: Designer Quote Book, “What They Said”
          • 7B. Wood Type: Letterform Pattern
            • Letterpress terms
              • Darius Wells
          • Linocuts
          • What Did Ben Mean?
        • Archived Assignments ARTS 081
          • 3D TYPE
          • 4. Photo Alphabet
          • 8. Chief Seattle, Frederick Douglass, Dolores Huerta
          • Dog Breed Brochure
            • Baseline Grid
          • Letterform Assignment
            • Dust Jacket with Inside Panels
            • Letterform
            • Letterform Pattern
            • Monogram
          • Typographic Logo
          • Typographic Symbol Set
          • Vinyl
          • Visual Vernacular
          • Word As Image
          • Word Painting
    • ARTS 091 Digital Graphics & Layout
      • assignments ARTS 091
        • 1. Head Drawing
        • 2. Two Portraits
        • 3. Portraits Package
        • 4. GIF Animation
        • 5. Magazine Article
        • 6. Themed Menu Design
        • Archived Assignments: ARTS 091
          • 2. Three Portraits
          • 2. Two Portraits
          • 6. Book of Short Stories
            • Book Binding
              • Comb Binding
            • Designer Spreads vs. Printer Spreads
            • Diminuendo
            • Duplex Printing Booklet to Ricoh Printer
            • Perfect-Bound Covers
            • Pull Quote
            • Ruled Lines
            • Saddle Stitch Printing Steps
          • Concept Package—Box-’O-Frogs
          • Portrait Morph
            • Finalize the Morph Series
          • Social Media Assets—Ukraine
          • Technical Illustration
        • Intro Illustrator
        • Intro to inDesign
      • Digital Graphics and Layout assignment calendar
      • Digital Graphics and Layout syllabus
      • Saving Backwards
      • Vector Graphics
    • ARTS 103 Graphic Design: Production
      • Assignments ARTS 103
        • Archived Projects ARTS 103
          • Assignment 6: Printing Techniques Brochure
          • Assignment 7: Four 3D Boxes
          • Class Portfolio Magazine – 2016
          • Data Merge
          • In Class Assignment: Setting up a multi-page document for print
          • inDesign: Combine separate chapters as one inDesign Book
          • Packaging
          • Paper Resource Booklet Assignment
            • Paper Booklet Workflow
          • Printing Techniques – 3D Box
          • Printing Techniques Brochure
          • Printing Techniques Brochure Spring 2016
          • Printing Techniques Interactive
          • Typographic
            • Tracking and Line Length Assignment
        • Assignment 1–3: Linkedin Learning
        • Assignment 4: Cereal
        • Assignment 5: Paper Resource Booklet
        • Assignment 6: Class Portfolio Magazine
        • In Class/Studio Assignments
          • Color Separations I – CMYK + Spot
            • Designer Photo
            • Process Color to Spot Color
            • Separation Process
          • Color Separations II – CMYK
            • Digital History
            • Sailing RGB
          • Speciality Printing Mock-ups
        • Semester Assignment: Passport to Pre-press
          • VOCAB QUIZ
      • Digital Pigment Printing
      • Embedded Files & File Formats
      • Graphic Production Syllabus
      • Half-tone
      • Lecture Slides 2022
      • Moiré Pattern
      • Printing Processes (videos)
      • Production Resource Links
      • Study Guides PDF
      • The Basics
    • ARTS 115 Animation
      • Advance the Narrative
      • Storyboard
      • TBM: Animation syllabus
    • ARTS 127 Illustration
    • ARTS 171 Graphic Design: Branding & Ads
      • Graphic Design III Syllabus
    • ARTS 173 Design For Impact & MEDX 193B Media For Impact
      • Assignments ARTS 173
        • Applied Metaphor Campaign/Series
          • Make a Boring Product Sexy
          • Marketing Campaign
          • Metaphor
            • Sound Metaphor
          • Metaphor Campaign Rubric
          • Metaphor Plan
        • Applied Metaphor Campaign/Series Presentation
        • Do Good Design For Good
          • Compelling Story
            • Story Telling Images
          • NCUR
          • Oakwood ReBrand
          • Projects from Facebook
          • Research
            • Abstract
              • Sample Abstracts
            • Citation Styles
            • Research Process for Designers
            • Research Writing
              • Word of the Day
          • Research-Driven Design
        • Self Identity
      • Design For Impact and Media For Impact syllabus
      • Preparing for ARTS 175 and ARTS 185
    • ARTS 175 Graphic Design Senior Seminar
      • ARTS 175 General Assignment Schedule
      • ARTS 175 Senior Portfolio
      • ARTS 175 Syllabus
      • Backward Mapping
      • Big Push
        • gallery postcard
      • Design Competitions
      • Exit Interview
      • Extend Your Portfolio
      • Senior Graphic Design Seminar syllabus
      • Senior Show
      • Wine Labels
    • ARTS 193A 3D Modeling w/Maya
    • ARTS 5 Drawing
    • History of Graphic Design
      • Additional Readings
      • Assignments History of Graphic Design
        • Final Designers Thinking Videos, Fall, 2016
        • Final Project/Presentation
        • Graphic Design History PowerPoints
          • Avant Garde Architecture
          • Keywords
            • Keywords: 20th Century Avant Garde
            • Keywords: Art Nouveau
              • Style Comparison Take Home
              • Victorian, Arts & Crafts, Art Nouveau Comparisons
            • Keywords: Arts & Crafts
            • Keywords: Conceptual Image
            • Keywords: Corporate Identity and Visual Systems
            • Keywords: Digital Revolution
            • Keywords: Genesis of 20th Century
            • Keywords: Gutenberg
              • GDH questions chapter 5, 6
              • Latin translations
            • Keywords: Incunabula
            • Keywords: Industrial Revolution
            • Keywords: International Typographic Style
            • Keywords: Modern Movement in U.S.
            • Keywords: National Visions
            • Keywords: New Language of Form
            • Keywords: Postmodernism
            • Keywords: Renaissance
            • Keywords: Rococo
            • Keywords: The New York School
            • Keywords: Writing Systems
              • GDH Questions chapters 1–4
        • Projects
          • Ancient Scripts
          • GD History Timeline Project
        • Small Group Presentations
      • Designers/Artists
      • Historic Typeface and Letterforms
      • History of Graphic Design (Thinking) syllabus
      • Style Comparisons
      • Timelines
        • 1900
        • 1910’s
        • 1920’s
        • 1930’s
          • Annual Report
        • 1940’s
        • 1950’s
        • 1960’s
        • 1970’s
        • 1980’s
        • 1990’s
        • Pre–History–1890
    • Media X
    • Special Topics
      • ARTH 191 History of the Avant Garde
        • 1980’s Memphis Style
        • 20th Century European Avant Garde
        • Guerrilla Girls
        • Lenin
        • Living Surfaces: Digital Typography
      • Groucho Drawing
      • Grouping and Hierarchy Flyer
      • Metropolis
      • Mothers of American Modernism
      • Mural Project
      • Pac Sem III cover
      • Shifting Gears: The making of an Art Car
      • Simpsons/Toy Story
      • SJGH Innovation Lab
        • Design Proposal
      • The Social Realist Soireé
      • Wine Label Project
  • Gallery
  • Games
  • Professionalism
    • AIGA
      • NYC Gallery Show
    • Art/Design Best Business Practices
      • Copyright Basics
      • How Do I Charge for Art/Design?
        • Marketing Your Art
      • Professional Design Organizations
      • Time Sheet
      • Watermark your Photos
    • Artist In Residency Programs
    • Becoming a Designer
    • Career Paths
    • Creative Design Process
      • Brontosaurus Leg
      • Design Brief
      • Mark Making
      • Mood Board
    • Design and Public History
    • Design Contracts and Legal Agreements
    • Freelance, Self-Employed
      • Designer as Maker
      • Spec Work
    • Graduate School, Art and Design
    • Independent Studies, Practicum, Internships, and Undergraduate Research
      • Writing for Design
        • Correct Your Grammar
    • Job Search
      • Artist/Designer Statement
      • Cover Letter
      • Design Challenge
      • Designer Websites
      • Informational Interview
      • Portfolio Basics
      • Portfolio Development
      • Preparing for a Design Interview
      • Résumé Resources
      • Self-Promotion Design
    • Jobs, Internships and Practicums (ELO’s)
      • Current Internships and Job Opportunities
      • Past Internships
    • Make A Difference
    • Manifesto
    • Master Designers
    • Photographing your 3-D Art and Design work
    • Podcasts
    • Studio Safety Policies and Procedures
      • Earthquake
      • Studio Etiquette
    • What Designers Need to Know
  • Visual Resources
    • Academic
      • Calliope: Pacific’s Student Literary and Art Magazine
        • Calliope Designer Resources
      • Campus Map
      • Graphic Design Publications
      • Graphic Design Social Media
      • Pacific Academic Calendar
      • Summer Sessions Catalog Design
    • Bar Code & QR Code Generators
    • Color Theory
      • Color Gamut
      • Color Psychology
    • Decimal/Inch Conversions
    • Digital Printing, Epson & Ricoh
      • Bleed
      • Digital Printing Step-by-Step and Troubleshooting—Epson
      • Digital Printing Step-by-Step and Troubleshooting—Ricoh
      • Double-Sided Printing to single sheet
      • Printing Terms
    • DIY Stuff
    • Drawing
    • Illustrator Tips and Tools
    • inDesign Tips
    • Infographics
    • Internet at Home
    • Layout
      • Design Grid
      • Golden Section
        • Fibonacci Numbers and inDesign Margins
      • Layout examples
    • Matting Designwork
    • Pacific Visual Identity
    • Paper
      • Paper Samples
      • Paper, History
    • Pattern
    • Perspective
    • Photographing Your Art
      • Image Correction
    • Points and Picas
    • Presentations
    • Production
      • File Management
    • Prototyping Software for Interactivity
    • RIT Graphic Design Archive
    • Rule of Thirds
    • Shared Contour
    • Software Tips
    • Target Audience
    • Typographic Resources
      • 20 Classic Typefaces
        • Garamond Typeface
        • Helvetica and Arial Typefaces
      • Asymmetric Typography
      • Choosing and Matching Typefaces
      • Colophon
      • Hyphenation and Justification
      • inDesign Cheat Sheet
      • Keyboard Characters
      • Keyboard Shortcuts
      • Minimum Typographic Management
      • Non-Lining Numerals
      • Punctuation
        • Dashes and Typographer’s Quotes
        • Punctuation Marks Chart
        • The Comma, serial or otherwise.
      • Table of Contents (TOC)
      • The Art of Typography
      • Type Anatomy
        • Letter Anatomy
        • Letterform Optical Illusions
      • Type Tips (mistakes everyone makes)
      • Typeface Classifications
      • Typographic Variables
        • Determining Proper Line Length
      • Typographic Website Resources
      • Typoholism
    • Web and Scripting sources
      • Smartphone Apps
    • WHERE TO FIND (and buy) ART STUFF
    • Which CMYK Profile?
    • WordPress
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