Points and Picas

How Many Points Are in a Pica?

Measurements used in printing and typography

PRINT By Jacci Howard BearUpdated on March 10, 2021

Measuring type with a Pica ruler
This letter H is 3p6 or 42 pts

Picas, pronounced PIE – KAH, are a typographic measuring system developed in 1785 by François-Ambroise “L’éclat” Didot (you have probably used one of his typefaces) that replaced the traditional cicéro measurement system. Comprised of 12 “Points,” Picas are still the standard measuring system for typography today, so today we’ll try to answer the question: What are Points and Picas, what’s the difference, and why you should use them still?

Measuring Type in Points

Picas     Points     Inches
0p99 pt1/8 inch
1p618 pt1/4 inch
3p036 pt1/2 inch
6p072 pt1 inch

The Size of a Point

The size of type in a document is measured in points. You’ve probably used 12 pt type before—”pt” indicates point. All of the popular page layout and word processing programs offer type in different point sizes. You might choose 12 point type for body text, 24 point type for a headline or 60 point type for a huge banner headline.

One point is equal to 0.013836 of an inch, and 72 points are approximately 1 inch. You might think that all 72 point type would be exactly 1 inch tall, but no. The measurement includes the ascenders and descenders of all the letterforms. Some characters (such as uppercase letters) have neither, some have one or the other, and some characters have both.

The letter “p” is used to designate picas as in 22p or 6p. With 12 points to the pica, half a pica would be 6 points written as 0p6. 17 points would be 1p5 (1 pica = 12 pts, plus the leftover 5 pts).

Additional examples include:

12 points = 1 pica

6 picas = 1 inch

72 points = 1 inch

More points (ha-ha) to remember:

  • Points are the smallest unit of measurement. Type and leading are measured in points with 72 points to the inch.
  • Use picas for measuring column width and depth, margins, and other larger distances.
  • Picas and points have a direct relationship to each other. There are 12 points in a pica.
  • If you’re a metric maven, you may have a bit more trouble with the conversion to picas but for those of us raised on inches it’s simpler. There are 6 picas to an inch. A standard US letter size page is 8.5 by 11 inches or 51 by 66 picas. For those using the metric system, 6 picas are approximately 25 mm.
  • 1 inch = 6p or 6p0 (6 picas and zero points)
  • 1/2 inch = 3p or 3p0 (3 picas and zero points)
  • 1/4 inch = 1p6 (1 pica and 6 points)
  • 1/8 inch = 0p9 (9 points)
  • A column of text that is 2.25 inches wide equals 13p6 (13 picas and 6 points)

Origin of the Modern Point Measurement

After hundreds of years and several countries in which the point was defined in different ways, the U.S. adopted the desktop publishing point (DTP point) or PostScript point, which is defined as 1/72 of an international inch. This measurement was used by Adobe when it created PostScript and by Apple Computer as its standard for display resolution on its first computers.

Stop inching your way into publication design — plunge into picas for page layout measurements. For many, the measurement system of choice for typesetting and publication design is picas and points. If your work involves complex, multi-page designs such as books, magazines, newspapers, or newsletters, working in picas and points can be a real timesaver. If you plan to work in the newspaper or magazine publishing industry, you’ll likely be required to stop thinking in inches or millimeters for page layout. So why not start now. In fact, you’re already halfway there if you use type already working with points.

Learning New Measurements

Layouts frequently involve small pieces that are difficult to measure in fractions of inches. Picas and points provide easily for those tiny amounts. Have you heard of the magic of thirds in design? Here’s an example: divide an 8.5-inch by 11-inch piece of paper into thirds horizontally. Now, find 3.66 inches on the ruler. It’s not the simplest concept, but just remember the rule that 11 inches is 66 picas, so each third is 22 picas. 

More Mathematical Tips and Tricks

Your software can solve some of the math for you. For instance, with picas as your default measurements in InDesign, if you type 0p28 (28 points) into the control palette when setting indents or other paragraph settings, it will convert it to 2p4 automatically.

If you’re converting existing designs to pica measurements, you may find it necessary to know the size of fractions of points (for example 3/32 of an inch converts to 6.75 points or 0p6.75). 

If you want to create dummy layouts for a design, remember that depth is measured in picas. So if you want to know how much vertical space a 48 point headline occupies divide 48 by 12 (12 pts to the pica) to get 4 picas of vertical space. You can read about this in more detail in an article from an online journalism related course.

_________________________________________________________________________________Picas and Points Exercise #1

Using paper and pencil do some of these calculations (put that calculator away!).

  1. Divide an 8.5″ by 11″ piece of paper into even thirds vertically using inches. What is the width of one-third of the page?
  2. Divide an 8.5″ by 11″ piece of paper (51p by 66p) into even thirds vertically using picas. What is the width of one-third of the page?
  3. Add 1″ margins (sides, top, and bottom) to that 8.5″ by 11″ piece of paper, how much horizontal and vertical space remains? Express it in inches and in picas.
  4. Divide the live page area (paper size minus margins) from Step 3 into three columns of equal size with .167″ between columns (That’s the default space used by PageMaker when creating column guides). How wide and deep is each column, in inches? How wide and deep is each column, in picas?
  5. Calculate how many lines of body type will fit in one of those columns if you use 12 point leading for your type (assume no space between paragraphs).
  6. Using the calculations from Step 5, how many lines of body type will fit if you add a 36 point 2-line headline at the top of the column with 6 points of space between the headline and the start of the body copy?

Picas and Points Exercise #2

This exercise requires that your page layout program be able to use picas and points as the measurement system.

  1. Using inches as the measurement system (the default in many programs) set up an 8.5″ by 11″ page with 1-inch margins. Don’t use any automatic column or grid setup. Instead, manually place guidelines to define three columns of the width you calculated in Step #4 of Exercise 1 (that should be four guidelines since the guidelines for the margins define the outer edge of the 1st and 3rd columns).
  2. Remove the guidelines and change the measurement system and rulers to picas. The margins should be 6 picas (1 inch). Manually place guidelines again to define the three columns from Step #4 of Exercise 1. Which measurement system made it easier for you to manually and precisely place the guidelines where they needed to go? Most people find it easier to use the picas system. Do you?